Recent Blog Posts
Foreign Service Officers and Family Law
Every year, thousands of Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) serve the United States through global action and diplomacy. These men and women often spend years stationed abroad, while still maintaining residency in Illinois. When dealing with family law issues, FSOs face unique challenges, particularly in divorce and child custody matters. Living and working overseas while handling a divorce or other family law matter can be quite difficult. FSOs must take these difficulties into consideration before proceeding with any family law case.
FSO Divorce Challenges
Regardless of occupation, anyone getting divorced in Illinois must be a legal resident of this jurisdiction. Your residency is generally defined by where you live (your permanent address) and your voting district. To get divorced in Illinois, you or your spouse must have been a resident for at least 90 days prior to filing for divorce. For a Foreign Service Officer seeking divorce, the first challenge is establishing that you meet residency requirements to proceed with the case. An experienced family law attorney can determine whether the divorce residency criteria are met in your case, and help you decide where to file your case.
Business Valuation During the Divorce Process
When you are going through a divorce, the value of everything you own is considered during the property distribution process. This can include your business. A small business can be considered as part of a divorce settlement whether the couple built it together or one spouse owned it prior to the marriage and continued to develop it afterward. The role each spouse had in the business during their marriage and their intention for the business following the divorce can determine how it can be divided between them.
Options for Divorcing Business Owners
When a business-owning couple divorces, they have a few options regarding its operation:
- Continue to operate the business, which may require the spouse who opts to keep it to buy out his or her former partner's interest in it;
Understanding Illinois' Restricted Driving Permit Laws
Driving under the influence, or DUI, is the illegal act of operating a motor vehicle when under the influence of drugs or alcohol. In Illinois, a person is considered as having driven under the influence if he or she has a blood alcohol content (BAC) of .08 or more, is driving under the influence of any illegal substance, or is driving impaired as a result of medication. Those who are stopped by law enforcement under suspicion of DUI will have their drivers license suspended for a year if they refuse to undergo impairment testing. Those who are found guilty of a DUI face an assortment of different penalties, which depend on the driver's age, whether a child was a passenger, the driver's BAC, and whether the DUI was a first offense. However, all DUIs result in suspension of vehicle registration. Those pulled over and arrested for DUIs are also subject to statutory summary suspension of their driver's licenses; this suspension occurs whether or not the arrested person is subsequently convicted of criminal DUI.
The Benefits and Failures of Shared Parenting Laws
Advocates of shared parenting believe that children of divorced or separated parents would benefit if both parents were awarded shared custody instead of just one parent being granted sole custody. These advocates are urging a change to the decades long approach in child custody suits that typically award mothers sole custody. Under the shared parenting approach, a flexible custody arrangement is created that allows children to enjoy the benefit of having two fully engaged parents.
Recently, the National Parents Organization (NPO) released a new report detailing the current state of shared custody arrangements throughout the U.S. What emerged was the conclusion that most states not only discouraged shared parenting, but were also depriving children of the benefits that come with spending ample time with both parents, while reinforcing a system that facilitates parental inequality. The NPO 2014 Shared Parenting Report Card assigned each state a grade, A through F, as a rating of the worst and best states for shared parenting. No states received an A rating, but Illinois received a C+ rating, along with four other states.
Crime Victims Bill of Rights Approved by Illinois Voters 11/11
The Crime Victims Bill of Rights is a recently approved amendment to the Illinois Constitution that guarantees that victims and their families have the right to pursue an enforceable court action when their rights are violated. Also known as Marsy's Law, the new law seeks to soften the blow of the some of the long-term impacts facing victims and their families when proper access to the criminal justice system is denied and/or improperly executed by the courts and law enforcement.
The Need for A Crime Victims' Bill of Rights
Marsy's Law provides enhanced protections and rights for victims and their families. Marsy's Law was named after Marsy Ann Nicholas, a Santa Barbara student who was stalked and then murdered by her ex-boyfriend in 1983. A week after Marsy's death, her family was confronted by her murderer at a local area grocery store. At this time they had not been given notice that Marsy's killer had been released from jail on bail. This confrontation caused additional pain and suffering for an already grieving family, and highlighted the need for a victim's family to receive relevant information from the courts and law enforcement agencies. In 2008, California passed a Marsy's Law, and now Illinois may be following suit.
Illinois Recoups Millions in White Collar Crime Sales Tax Evasion Prosecutions
The Illinois Department of Revenue (IDOR) just announced a recent victory in its white collar crimes investigations. An assortment of Chicago-area gas stations have been charged and successfully prosecuted for illegally profiting from over $1 million worth of fraudulent sales tax evasion activities. The operation has been spearheaded by Attorney General Lisa Madigan, and has already led to the recovery of over $100 million in funds that can now be used for the benefit of the state of Illinois. These lost tax profits were hidden by owners who under-reported revenues that they received in order to avoid having to pay additional taxes based on their original revenue amounts for gas sales. The funds were recouped via IDOR audits of the gas station owners, and subsequent prosecutions by the Attorney General. Fifty gas station owners in Illinois have been charged so far as part of these ongoing investigations, and 40 defendants have already been convicted, some even imprisoned.
Illinois House Judiciary Committee To Review Use of Police Body Cams
Members of the Illinois Legislature recently met to discuss how the newly proposed eavesdropping laws would affect police officers' use of body cams. Body cams are cameras attached to police officers, which can be used to record interactions with potential suspects and the general public. The use of body cameras by law enforcement professionals across the nation has increased in recent years, as has the criticism of such practices. Because Illinois' past eavesdropping law was struck down by the Illinois Supreme Court earlier this year, there has been careful and intensive reviews of all aspects of the proposed legislation, which could soon set new parameters regarding the use of body cams by Illinois police officers.
Understanding Parental Kidnapping Laws
A terrible divorce can have an assortment of unintended consequences. Specifically, the parent of a child may make the brash decision to remove the child from the home or even from the state or country before or after an adverse custody decision is handed down by a court. When this occurs, a variety of laws exist in order to punish the kidnapping parent, and also to ensure that the kidnapped child is returned to his or her rightful guardian. The fact that parental kidnapping laws exist at the local, state, federal, and international level illustrates the real complications that can result from parental kidnapping and other related child custody disputes.
The Federal and International Laws Regarding Parental Kidnapping
Parental kidnapping can occur at the international level, when each parent is a citizen of a different country. As a result, international law has provided a variety of legal protections and conventions. Under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, in parental kidnapping disputes before the U.S. courts, such courts must order the return of a child to the country of his or her habitual residence when it has been found that the child in question was wrongfully detained and/or removed to the United States. Parental kidnapping issues can arise in cases where one parent is a U.S. citizen and the other parent is a foreign national, who decides to return to his or her home country with the child and without the other parent's consent. Federal law provides that when a parent removes or attempts to remove a child out of the U.S. with the intent to obstruct the other parent's lawful exercise of parental rights, the removing parent could be subjected to a felony conviction punishable by no more than three years in prison. Furthermore, the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act (PKPA) was enacted in order to mitigate the complicated jurisdictional conflicts that can arise in child custody cases, such as parental kidnappings, by facilitating mutual cooperation amongst the various state courts.
Child Surrogacy Laws in Illinois
Surrogacy agreements are legal agreements signed by a woman who agrees to carry a child (the “surrogate”) on the behalf of another person or couple (the “intended parents”). In the United States, child surrogacy is a common practice, and over 2,000 surrogate babies will be born in the U.S. this year. The confusions about what is an enforceable or unenforceable surrogacy agreement are typically complicated by the diverse range of opinions about surrogacy. These ranging opinions are often illustrated through the different state laws that govern and address surrogacy agreements.
A recent case in the news about a Connecticut surrogate illustrates how the different state laws can affect whether a surrogacy agreement is enforceable or unenforceable. In this case, a Connecticut woman was a surrogate to a child that was created with the intended father's sperm and an anonymous donor's egg. During a routine ultrasound when she was five months pregnant, it was discovered that the child she was carrying had heart defects, a cleft palate, and a brain cyst. The intended parents requested that the surrogate abort the child, and even offered $10,000 as incentive. Instead of terminating the pregnancy, the woman left Connecticut, where surrogacy agreements are enforceable, and moved to Michigan. She did this because in Michigan, surrogacy agreements are not enforceable. After giving birth to the child in Michigan, the surrogate was listed on the child's birth certificate as the child's mother, even though she was not genetically connected to the child.
Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel Calls for Marijuana Decriminalization
Last year, Illinois became the 20th U.S. state to legalize medical marijuana use. Now, if Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel has his way, the state will join California and Colorado in decriminalizing the use of marijuana for non-medicinal purposes. During an appearance before the Illinois General Assembly, Emanuel testified for over an hour about the need and benefits of lifting Illinois' non-medicinal marijuana use ban. Currently in Illinois the laws regarding marijuana possession are as follows:
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It is a Class C misdemeanor to possess 2.5 grams or less of a substance containing marijuana;
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